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After that, capacity will be expanded as required by demand, FMC's China motorcycle batteries producer Schneberger said.listed FMC Lithium, one of the world's top four producers.Whiteside said Orocobre's difficulties were typical of many smaller # players, noting that the Olaroz facility was the first new major brine operation started in 20 years. Battery makers and other end-users such as car manufacturers will need to sign multi-year deals that encourage large producers to invest more, and faster, industry sources say.Consultants Roskill estimate 785,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent a year will be needed by 2025, amounting to a 26,000-tonne shortfall from anticipated supply, compared to 217,000 tonnes of demand versus 227,000 tonnes of supply this year.

By 2050, 81 percent of 132 million new auto sales will be electric, Morgan Stanley says."Because the number of brine operations has been so few historically, there are very few technically experienced chemical engineers to assist these junior companies," he said.1 percent of 86.5 million this year.S."There's limited visibility into where we're going to get the last 200,000 tonnes of lithium if we hit the numbers Roskill is expecting for 2025," said Seth Ginns, a managing director at Jennison Associates. "We anticipate spending 0 million and billion over the next 5 years.The production and use of electric cars is projected by Morgan Stanley analysts to rise to 2.Demand for battery-grade lithium compounds is expected to skyrocket in the next decades in tandem with soaring demand for electric cars as governments and individual consumers try to reduce their carbon footprint.Others expect an even larger deficit.4 percent of 102 million new vehicles in 2025, from 1. Wood Mackenzie consultant James Whiteside puts the figure at 78 percent.

Although there's plenty of lithium around, the problem is ensuring there is enough capacity to process it.Tianqi Lithium declined to comment on its investment plans. The other is brine, mostly found in Chile and Argentina, which can take seven years or more."There are four names that dominate and that is likely to be the case for the next five years," said Jeremy Kent, a portfolio manager at Allianz Global Investors.One is hard rock as found in Australia, for which ready-to- go capacity to produce battery grade lithium can take up to three years.Albemarle is planning to expand its lithium carbonate equivalent capacity to 165,000 tonnes by 2021 from 89,000 tonnes this year, a spokesperson said.Roskill managing director Robert Baylis estimates FMC, Albemarle, SQM and China's Tianqi Lithium Corporation together accounted for 66 percent of the world's lithium carbonate equivalent last year.